Repeat and Double Comparatives

REPEATED COMPARATIVES

Todos ellos se utilizan para describir acciones y cosas que están aumentando o disminuyendo. Para encontrar más información al respecto, 

puede revisar el sitio web:http://speakspeak.com/grammar-articles/better-and-better-more-and-more-repeating-comparative-

adjectives-to-show-change.

Examples:

She is getting closer and closer of her mother.

By the end of the twentieth century, couples were waiting longer and longer to marry.

We can use this structure with long adjectives or adverbs ; for example, more and more difficult, more and more slowly.

It’s becoming more and more difficult.

He is going more and more slowly.

Fewer and fewer children are leaving school.

He needs less and less money everyday.

 DOUBLE COMPARATIVES

las comparaciones dobles describen un proceso de causa y efecto. Además, se escriben como una oración con una coma que separa la causa y el efecto. La estructura para usarlos es la siguiente:

[the + comparative form] + (subject) + (verb), [the + comparative form] + (subject) + (verb)] 

Examples:

The more education women get, the later they marry.

The less children studied, the more slowly they learneed.

Verbs With and Dynamic Uses

Dynamic

"Dinámico" es un adjetivo que significa que algo se está moviendo o cambiando.

En la gramática inglesa, un "verbo dinámico" significa que el verbo describe una acción en lugar de un estado. Los verbos dinámicos a veces se conocen como "verbos de acción".

"Joe is chasing the bus."

  Examples of stative verbs:

• love
• hate
• like
• prefer
• doubt
• seem
• know
• own
• understand

Stative

"Stative" es un adjetivo que describe algo como tener un estado o existir (este es un adjetivo muy poco común). En la gramática inglesa, un "verbo estático" significa que el verbo describe un estado en lugar de una acción. Los verbos estativos a veces se conocen como "verbos de estado".

"Kevin wants some ice-cream."

Examples of dynamic verbs:

eat

walk

learn

grow

sleep

talk

write

run

read

become

go

Example sentences with dynamic verbs:

• "I can't talk right now, I'm eating dinner."
  Present progressive used to describe an action happening now.
• "Sorry, I'm out of breath because I've been running."
  Present perfect progressive used to describe an action that started in the past, continued for some time and has results now.
• "I didn't steal the necklace! I was sleeping when someone broke into the shop!"
  Past progressive used to talk about an action that was happening at a particular time in the past.

Example sentences with static verbs:

• "I think it is wrong to hit children."
  Here, think is a stative verb. It means "to have an opinion" and it cannot be used in the progressive form in this case.
  
  B
  
  "I'm thinking about buying a new car."
  Here, thinking is describing a process, or an action. This is something that is happening, rather than simply being. So here we can use the progressive form.
• "I don't mind if we watch a movie tonight."
  Here, mind means "be bothered by", which is a state of mind, not an action. Therefore, it is stative.
  
  BUT
  
  "I'm not being nosy. I'm minding my own business!"
  Here, minding means "looking after" and is therefore a process and a dynamic verb.
• "I have three brothers."
  Have here talks about the family relationship the speaker has with her brothers and is therefore stative.
  
  BUT
  
  "I'm having a bad day today. I'll call you when things are better."
  
  
  Having in this sentence means the speaker is going through the process of a bad day. It is therefore dynamic.

  

vídeo:

WOULD, USED TO, BE + ALWAYS + -ING

Used to

• We used to live in New York when I was a kid.
• There didn’t use to be a petrol station there. When was it built?

We can use ‘used to’ to talk about past states ….

• I used to go swimming every Thursday when I was at school.
• I used to smoke but I gave up a few years ago.

… or we can use ‘used to’ to talk about repeated past actions

Remember that ‘used to’ is only for past states/actions that don’t happen now – we can’t use it for things that still happen now. Also, ‘used to + infinitive’ should not be confused with ‘be/get used to + ‘ing’ form’ – this is covered in a separate section.

Would

• Every Saturday I would go on a long bike ride.
• My teachers would always say “Sit down and shut up!”

We can use ‘would’ to talk about repeated past actions.

Often either ‘would’ or ‘used to’ is possible. Both of these sentences are possible.

• Every Saturday, I would go on a long bike ride.
• Every Saturday I used to go on a long bike ride.

However, only ‘used to’ is possible when we talk about past states.

Review of past tenses

“PAST PERFECT”

El "past perfect" hace referencia a un tiempo anterior al pasado reciente. Se emplea para señalar que un evento ocurrió antes que otro en el pasado. No importa cuál de los eventos se mencione primero, porque el tiempo verbal deja claro el orden temporal en que acontecieron.

   had + past participle 

El "past perfect" está compuesto por dos partes:

 El pasado del verbo to have (had) + el "past participle" del verbo principal.

 

Evento a	evento b
I had saved my document	before the computer crashed
When they arrived	we had already started cooking.
John had gone out	when I arrived in the office
He was very tired	because he hadn't slept well.

Ejemplos:

I had worked for my uncle
She had finished her homework
We had talked for more than two hours
We had visited them once a week for the last year
He had returned my car at last
It had rained once a week for the last month
They had completed the project

"PAST PROGRESSIVE"

El pasado progresivo se usa para hablar de una acción que estaba ocurriendo en algún momento en el pasado.

                

 WAS/WERE + -ING FORM

                        

                          Ejemplos:

He was sleeping all night long. 

Were you sleeping all night long? 

I wasn't resting, I was working!

"SIMPLE PAST"

El "simple past" se utiliza para hablar de una acción que concluyó en un tiempo anterior al actual. La duración no es relevante. El tiempo en que se sitúa la acción puede ser el pasado reciente o un pasado lejano.

SUJETO + DID + BASE FORM

  Ejemplos:

               john Cabot sailed to America in 1498.

                   My father died last year.

                   He lived in Fiji in 1976.

               We crossed the Channel yesterday.

Separable and Inseparable Phrasal Verbs

Los verbos compuestos transitivos  pueden ser separables o inseparables. Si un verbo compuesto es separable, significa que puede separar las dos palabras y poner el objeto directo en el medio. Si es inseparable, entonces no puedes hacer esto Separable Phrasal Verbs (los separables).  Son aquellos phrasal verbs en los cuales  se puede poner una persona del predicado,  en medio de la acción y la preposición.    Separable Phrasal Verb Example: TURN OFF Please turn off the TV. Please turn the TV off. Inseparable Phrasal Verbs (los inseparables)  = son aquellos phrasal verbs en los que el verbo  y la preposición siempre van juntas y no se separan,  es decir, el object pronoun siempre se pone después  de la preposición.  Inseparable Phrasal Verb Example: LOOK AFTER I’ll look after your dog while you’re on vacation. I’ll look your dog after while you’re on vacation

 PHRASAL VERBS

SEPARABLE/NON SEPARABLE

SO - SUCH / TOO - ENOUGH

Too

Use:

TOO significa que hay mucho de algo. Muestra opinion negativa. 

It’s too hot = It is very hot and I don’t like it.

Form:

You can use too before an adjective.

It’s too cold. My trousers are too small.

You can also use it before an adverb,

You walk too fast. James speaks too quietly.

Enough

Use:

Enough significa que tienes lo que necesitas.

Form:

Write enough before a noun.

We have enough chairs.

You don’t work hard enough. Are you sleeping enough?

So

Use:

So significa muy.

Form:

He’s so funny! He plays the piano so well!

However, in modern English, it is increasingly being used before nouns and verbs.

That dress is so last year! (= That dress is last year’s fashion)

Such

Use:

Such también significa muy. such se usa antes de un adjetivo y sustantivo.

They are such nice children.

 

1- Giselle's  good she could be a professional.

2- She plays  well (that) she could be a professional.

3- There were so muchsuchso many footballs (that) I didn't know which one to choose.

4- Which expression substitutes "so many" in the previous sentence? so muchsuch a lot ofsuch many

5- Mozart is sosuchsuch a good player! 

6- They are sosuchsuch a good students!

7- "It's hot today." Rephrase it in three different ways using:

so 

such 

too 

8- Which of the three previous sentences you've made CAN'T be continued with "that"? so... that I feel like having an ice cream.such... that I feel like having an ice cream.too... that I feel like having an ice cream.

9- It's tootofor hot today tootofor us tootofor go to the beach.

10- Which of the following sentences has a negative meaning?

This room is so big!This room is too big!

11- Our teacher gives us too muchtootoo many homework.

12- How can you substitute "too much" in the previous sentence for an expression containing "such"? Our teacher gives us such such homework.such manysuch a lot of homework..

13- Unscramble this sentence: TICKET / I'VE / TO / MONEY / GOT / BUY / ENOUGH / THE 

14- Unscramble this sentence: ENOUGH / TEAM / I'M / BE / THE / NOT / TO / IN / GOOD  

15- Observing the two previous sentences, we notice that "enough" comes beforeafter nouns and beforeafter adjectives.

16- "It wasn't warm enough for me to go swimming." Re-write it using "too". It was  go swimming.

17- "He's too short to be a basketball player." Re-write it using "enough". He isn't  basketball player.